If a child has trouble comprehending instructions, mixes up words with similar pronunciations, or seems disoriented in noisy surroundings, parents may suspect that a hearing issue is to blame. However, in some instances, the problem might not lie with the ears themselves, but rather with a condition called auditory processing disorder (APD), which affects the way the brain deals with sound.
Hearing loss and APD have many of the same symptoms, but they’re really very different conditions that demand specific assessments and support. Below, we’ll break down the main differences to help you support your child’s unique requirements.
Comprehending Hearing Impairment: A Definition.
Hearing loss describes a reduced ability to sense sound, often a result of issues in the outer, middle, or inner ear.
There are three primary kinds:
- Conductive hearing loss: Caused by obstructions or damage in the outer or middle ear (like ear infections or wax accumulation)
- Sensorineural hearing loss: Consists of damage to the inner ear or the auditory nerve, typically due to aging, noise exposure, or genetics
- Combination hearing loss: A blend of both outer/middle ear and inner ear problems
Doctors usually diagnose patients by carrying out tests such as audiograms, auditory brainstem response testing (ABR), and acoustic emission testing. If a child suffers from hearing loss, the issue lies in their ability to detect sound in the first place.
What Is Auditory Processing Disorder?
In contrast, APD is not associated with hearing problems, but instead a neurological problem that impacts the brain’s ability to process and comprehend auditory information. Children with Auditory Processing Disorder may have normal hearing, but they struggle to decipher and comprehend the sounds they hear. It’s commonly referred to as “perceiving sounds without grasping their meaning.”
Some common challenges include:
- Difficulty understanding and executing verbal instructions consisting of multiple steps
- Difficulty distinguishing similar sounds or words
- Having difficulty focusing in loud settings (such as schools or busy eateries)
- Having difficulty understanding humor, irony, or expressions that aren’t meant to be taken literally
Because the ears work normally, a standard hearing test might come back showing no problems. But that doesn’t mean everything is working as it should. In Auditory Processing Disorder, the issue happens not with hearing the sound itself, but instead with how the brain translates and processes the sound after it has been detected.
Differentiating Between Testing and Diagnosis
Audiologists employ conventional auditory assessments to detect hearing impairments by evaluating an individual’s ability to sense sound. Diagnosing APD, however, requires specialized testing that exceeds detecting sound.
Multidisciplinary teams will typically include:
- A hearing specialist to evaluate how the brain interprets sound
- A specialist in speech and language to evaluate understanding and expression skills
- A psychologist to rule out attention or learning impairments that may look similar to APD
Options for Treatment and Assistance
Treatment approaches for children with hearing loss diagnosis:
- Hearing aids
- Cochlear implants
- Assistive listening devices
- Medical or surgical interventions
Support for Children with APD Diagnosis Typically Includes:
- Speech-language therapy
- Classroom accommodations (e.g., seating changes, written instructions)
- Environmental modifications to reduce background noise
- Auditory processing therapy
APD vs. Hearing Loss: Concluding Thoughts
Understanding the difference between hearing loss and auditory processing disorder is crucial for getting your child the right help. If your child seems to have a hard time listening but their hearing test is normal, don’t stop there. The real problem may only be identified by more in-depth evaluations. Children with the proper diagnosis and customized treatment approach can excel academically, in their home environment, and in a variety of other aspects of their lives.
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Sources:.
About Hearing Loss in Children|Hearing Loss in Children|CDC.
Auditory processing disorder (APD)– Symptoms and causes– Mayo Clinic.
Auditory Processing Disorder vs. Hearing Loss: Key Differences.
Understanding the Differences: Auditory Processing Disorder vs. Hearing Loss|Hearing.
Associates of Las Vegas.
Auditory Processing Disorder (for Parents)|Nemours KidsHealth.
